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Evidence suggests a communication between hydatid cyst (HC) and hosts via extracellular vesicles. However, a little is known about the communication between EVs derived from HC fluid (HCF) and host cells. In the current study, EVs were isolated using differential centrifugation from sheep HCF and characterized by western blot, electron microscope and size distribution analysis. The uptake of EVs by human monocyte cell line (THP\u20101) was evaluated. The effects of EVs on the expression levels of pro\u2010 and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines were investigated using quantitative real\u2010time PCR (RT\u2010PCR), 3 and 24\u2009h after incubation. Moreover, the cytokine level of IL\u201010 was evaluated in supernatant of THP\u20101 cell line at 3 and 24\u2009h. EVs were successfully isolated and showed spherical shape with size distribution at 130.6\u2009nm. After 3\u2009h, the expression levels of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine genes (<jats:italic>IL1\u0392<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>IL15<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>IL8<\/jats:italic>) were upregulated, while after 24\u2009h, the expression levels of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines were decreased and <jats:italic>IL13<\/jats:italic> gene expression showed upregulation. A statistically significant increase was seen in the levels of IL\u201010 after 24\u2009h. The main mechanism of the communication between EVs derived from HCF and their host remains unclear; however, time\u2010dependent anti\u2010inflammatory effects in our study suggest that HC may modulate the immune responses via EVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T13:10:29Z","timestamp":1690981829000},"page":"2614-2625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Characterisation of extracellular vesicles isolated from hydatid cyst fluid and evaluation of immunomodulatory effects on human monocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Mojdeh","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology University of Valencia  Valencia 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