{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:41:20Z","timestamp":1784302880835,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006407","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["222300420384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["222300420384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain severely deteriorates the rehabilitation outcomes in elderly patients. The present study focused on the relationship between microglial exosome miR\u2010124\u20103p in hippocampus and cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain. Cognitive impairment model induced by postoperative pain was constructed by intramedullary nail fixation after tibial fracture. Morphine intraperitoneally was carried out for postoperative analgesia. Morris water maze tests were carried out to evaluate the cognitive impairment, while mRNA levels of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NG) and neurodegenerative biomarker (VILIP\u20101) in hippocampus were tested by <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2010PCR. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the axon degeneration in hippocampus. The levels of pro\u2010inflammatory factors (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106), the levels of anti\u2010inflammatory factors (Ym, Arg\u20101, IL\u201010) and microglia proliferation marker cyclin D1 in hippocampus were measured to evaluate microglia polarization. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify key exosomes while BV\u20102 microglia overexpressing exosome miR\u2010124\u20103p was constructed to observe microglia polarization in\u00a0vitro experiments. Exogenous miR\u2010124\u20103p\u2010loaded exosomes were injected into hippocampus in\u00a0vivo. Postoperative pain induced by intramedullary fixation after tibial fracture was confirmed by decreased mechanical and thermal pain thresholds. Postoperative pain induced cognitive impairment, promoted axon demyelination, decreased BDNF, NG and increased VILIP\u20101 expressions in hippocampus. Postoperative pain also increased pro\u2010inflammatory factors, cyclin D1 and decreased anti\u2010inflammatory factors in hippocampus. However, these changes were all reversed by morphine analgesia. Bioinformatics analysis identified the critical role of exosome miR\u2010124\u20103p in cognitive impairment, which was confirmed to be down\u2010regulated in hippocampus of postoperative pain mice. BV\u20102 microglia overexpressing exosome miR\u2010124\u20103p showed decreased pro\u2010inflammatory factors, cyclin D1 and increased anti\u2010inflammatory factors. In\u00a0vivo, stereotactic injection of exogenous miR\u2010124\u20103p into hippocampus decreased pro\u2010inflammatory factors, cyclin D1 and increased anti\u2010inflammatory factors. The cognitive impairment, axon demyelination, decreased BDNF, NG and increased VILIP\u20101 expressions in hippocampus were all alleviated by exogenous exosome miR\u2010124\u20103p. Microglial exosome miR\u2010124\u20103p in hippocampus alleviates cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain through microglia polarization in elderly mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T09:09:19Z","timestamp":1703322559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Microglial exosome miR\u2010124\u20103p in hippocampus alleviates cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain in elderly mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Erliang","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The 988th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuqiang","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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