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Here, we investigate the capacity of oncolytic adenoviruses (LOAd) and their transgenes to induce immunogenicity in the infected tumour cells. Oncolysis and death\u2010related markers were assessed after infection of eight human solid cancer cell lines with different LOAd viruses expressing a trimerized, membrane\u2010bound (TMZ)\u2010CD40L, TMZ\u2010CD40L and 41BBL, or no transgenes. The viruses induced transgene expression post infection before they were killed by oncolysis. Death receptors TRAIL\u2010R1, TRAIL\u2010R2 and Fas as well as immunogenic cell death marker calreticulin were upregulated in cell lines post infection. Similarly, caspase 3\/7 activity was increased in most cell lines. Interestingly, in CD40<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cell lines there was a significant effect of the TMZ\u2010CD40L\u2010encoding viruses indicating activation of the CD40\u2010mediated apoptosis pathway. Further, these cell lines showed a significant increase of calreticulin, and TRAIL receptor 1 and 2 post infection. However, LOAd viruses induced PD\u2010L1 upregulation which may hamper anti\u2010tumour immune responses. In conclusion, LOAd infection increased the immunogenicity of infected tumour cells and this was potentiated by CD40 stimulation. Due to the simultaneous PD\u2010L1 increase, LOAd viruses may benefit from combination with antibodies blocking PD1\/PD\u2010L1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T02:49:40Z","timestamp":1710730180000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["CD40 stimulation via CD40 ligand enhances adenovirus\u2010mediated tumour immunogenicity including \u2018find\u2010me\u2019, \u2018eat\u2010me\u2019, and \u2018kill\u2010me\u2019 signalling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sedigheh","family":"Naseri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Science for Life Laboratories Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariela 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