{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:31:45Z","timestamp":1787801505309,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Riboflavin is a water\u2010soluble yellowish vitamin and is controversial regarding its effect on tumour cells. Riboflavin is a powerful photosensitizer that upon exposure to radiation, undergoes an intersystem conversion with molecular oxygen, leading to the production of ROS. In the current study, we sought to ascertain the impact of irradiated riboflavin on C6 glioblastoma cells regarding proliferation, cell death, oxidative stress and migration. First, we compared the proliferative behaviour of cells following nonradiated and radiated riboflavin. Next, we performed apoptotic assays including Annexin V and caspase 3, 7 and 9 assays. Then we checked on oxidative stress and status by flow cytometry and ELISA kits. Finally, we examined inflammatory change and levels of MMP2 and SIRT1 proteins. We caught a clear antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect of irradiated riboflavin compared to nonradiated one. Therefore, we proceeded with our experiments using radiated riboflavin. In all apoptotic assays, we observed a dose\u2010dependent increase. Additionally, the levels of oxidants were found to increase, while antioxidant levels decreased following riboflavin treatment. In the inflammation analysis, we observed elevated levels of both pro\u2010inflammatory and anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, after treatment, we observed reduced levels of MMP2 and SIRT. In conclusion, radiated riboflavin clearly demonstrates superior antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on C6 cells at lower doses compared to nonradiated riboflavin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T11:58:48Z","timestamp":1712750328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Irradiated riboflavin over nonradiated one: Potent antimigratory, antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on glioblastoma cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0671-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sedat","family":"Kacar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Eskisehir Osmangazi University  Eskisehir Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Oncologic Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0993-6118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ceyhan","family":"Hacioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Duzce University  Duzce Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8356-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Kutahya Health Sciences University  Kutahya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.161.3839.370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153763"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101351"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1163","article-title":"Scavenging activity of \"beta catechin\" on reactive oxygen species generated by photosensitization of riboflavin","volume":"38","author":"Kumari MV","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem Mol Biol Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-006-9549-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2007.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2021.105135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)57021-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.12012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054269"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"New insights on oxidative stress in cancer","volume":"12","author":"Visconti R","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"551","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases, angiogenesis, and cancer: commentary re: A. 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