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However, the underlying mechanism of Baicalin on hypertension\u2010induced heart injury remains unclear. In\u00a0vivo, mice were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II; 500\u2009ng\/kg\/min) or saline using osmotic pumps, followed by intragastrically administrated with Baicalin (5\u2009mg\/kg\/day) for 4\u2009weeks. In\u00a0vitro, H9C2 cells were stimulated with Ang II (1\u2009\u03bcM) and treated with Baicalin (12.5, 25 and 50\u2009\u03bcM). Baicalin treatment significantly attenuated the decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening, increase in left ventricular mass, left ventricular systolic volume and left ventricular diastolic volume of Ang II infused mice. Moreover, Baicalin treatment reversed 314 differentially expressed transcripts in the cardiac tissues of Ang II infused mice, and enriched multiple enriched signalling pathways (including apoptosis, autophagy, AMPK\/mTOR signalling pathway). Consistently, Baicalin treatment significantly alleviated Ang II\u2010induced cell apoptosis in\u00a0vivo and in\u00a0vitro. Baicalin treatment reversed the up\u2010regulation of Bax, cleaved\u2010caspase 3, cleaved\u2010caspase 9, and the down\u2010regulation of Bcl\u20102. Meanwhile, Baicalin treatment alleviated Ang II\u2010induced increase of autophagosomes, restored autophagic flux, and down\u2010regulated LC3II, Beclin 1, as well as up\u2010regulated SQSTM1\/p62 expression. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitor 3\u2010methyladenine treatment alleviated the increase of autophagosomes and the up\u2010regulation of Beclin 1, LC3II, Bax, cleaved\u2010caspase 3, cleaved\u2010caspase 9, down\u2010regulation of SQSTM1\/p62 and Bcl\u20102 expression after Ang II treated, which similar to co\u2010treatment with Baicalin. Baicalin treatment reduced the ratio of p\u2010AMPK\/AMPK, while increased the ratio of p\u2010mTOR\/mTOR. Baicalin alleviated Ang II\u2010induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy, which might be related to the inhibition of the AMPK\/mTOR pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T13:19:25Z","timestamp":1715087965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Baicalin alleviates angiotensin II\u2010induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy and modulates the AMPK\/mTOR pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Integrative Medicine Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Fuzhou Fujian China"},{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine  Fuzhou Fujian China"},{"name":"Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrative Medicine in 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