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In the study, four different experimental groups were formed by selecting\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgG positive and negative patients with idiopathic epilepsy and healthy controls. Experimental groups were as follows: Group 1: Epilepsy+\/Toxo\u2212 (E+, T\u2212) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910), Group 2: Epilepsy\u2212\/Toxo\u2212 (E\u2212, T\u2212) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910), Group 3: Epilepsy\u2212\/Toxo+ (E\u2212, T+) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910), Group 4: Epilepsy+\/Toxo+ (E+, T+) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910). HMGB1, RAGE, TLR4, TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, IRAK1, IRAK2, IKBKB, IKBKG, BCL3, IL1\u03b2, IL10, 1\u2009L8 and TNF\u03b1 mRNA expression levels in the HMGB\/RAGE\/TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB signalling pathway were determined by quantitative simultaneous PCR (qRT\u2010PCR) after collecting blood samples from all patients in the groups. Statistical analysis was performed by one\u2010way ANOVA followed by LSD post\u2010hoc tests, and\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 was considered to denote statistical significance. The gene expression levels of HMGB1, TLR4, IL10, IL1B, IL8, and TLR2 were significantly higher in the G1 group than in the other groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In the G3 group, RAGE and BCL3 gene expression levels were significantly higher than in the other groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In the G4 group, however, IRAK2, IKBKB, and IKBKG gene expression levels were significantly higher than in the other groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). HMGB1, TLR4, IRAK2, IKBKB, IL10, IL1B, IL1B, and IL8 in this signalling pathway are highly expressed in epilepsy patients in G1 and seizures occur with the stimulation of excitatory mechanisms by acting through this pathway. The signalling pathway in epilepsy may be activated by HMGB1, TLR4, and TLR2, which are considered to increase the level of proinflammatory cytokines. In\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , this pathway is activated by RAGE and BCL3.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.18542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T10:26:56Z","timestamp":1721816816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The effect of the\n                    <scp>HMGB1<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>RAGE<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>TLR4<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>NF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>\u03baB<\/scp>\n                    signalling pathway in patients with idiopathic epilepsy and its relationship with toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0000-3768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayriye","family":"Soyt\u00fcrk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Institute of Graduate Studies Interdisciplinary Neuroscience  Bolu Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2701-3250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cansu","family":"\u00d6nal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zonguldak B\u00fclent Ecevit University Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science  Zonguldak Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9917-0648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00dcmit","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duzce University Vocational School of Health Services  Duzce Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8616-832X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u015eule Ayd\u0131n","family":"T\u00fcrko\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University  Bolu Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8741-5548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erol","family":"Ayaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University  Bolu Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12550"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"643","article-title":"Progress in the study of the role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis 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