{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:48:09Z","timestamp":1791485289720,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Tetracarpidium conophorum<\/jats:italic> nuts are nutrient\u2010dense Nigerian snacks associated with weight regulation. This study explores the nuts' impact on adipose tissue gene expression associated with low\u2010grade inflammation. Ethanol whole extract (EWE), ethyl\u2010acetate fraction (EAF) and the resulting residue (RES) were orally administered once daily to MSG\u2010induced obese rats for 6\u2009weeks (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096). Afterward, the RNA synthesis of inflammation\u2010associated genes was measured, and GC\u2013MS ligands in the extract and fractions were docked against their protein products in silico. The study found that in obese animals, PPAR\u2010\u03b3 and Adiponectin expressions were down\u2010regulated, while TNF\u2010\u03b1 was up\u2010regulated, indicating an increased low\u2010grade inflammatory process in adipose tissue. After 6\u2010week oral treatments with EWE, EAF and RES, PPAR\u2010\u03b3 and Adiponectin expressions increased significantly, while TNF\u2010\u03b1 expression decreased, suggesting the modulation of obesity\u2010induced inflammation in adipose tissue. The in silico molecular docking analysis identified four lead compounds likely responsible for the observed effect, namely 6\u2010Isopropenyl\u20104,8a\u2010dimethyl\u20104a,5,67,8,8a\u2010hexahydro\u20101H\u2010naphthalen\u20102\u2010one, 9,12,15\u2010Octadecatrienoic methyl ester (Z,Z,Z), 9,12,15\u2010Octadecatrienoic acid and Hexanedioic acid, bis(2\u2010ethylhexyl). Of these compounds, 6\u2010Isopropenyl\u20104,8a\u2010dimethyl\u20104a,5,67,8,8a\u2010hexahydro\u20101H\u2010naphthalen\u20102\u2010one demonstrated the strongest affinity to the binding cavities of PPAR\u03b3 (\u22127.3\u2009kcal\/mol), Leptin (\u22125.2\u2009kcal\/mol), Adiponectin (\u22127.1\u2009kcal\/mol) and TNF\u2010\u03b1 (\u22126.3\u2009kcal\/mol) and was better than the standard drug, Orlistat (\u22126.7, \u22124.4, \u22126.8 and\u2009\u2212\u20094.5\u2009kcal\/mol, respectively). The study reveals that <jats:italic>T. conophorum<\/jats:italic> nuts possess bioactive compounds\/drug candidates that can exert positive modulation, at the molecular level, the low\u2010grade inflammatory process associated with obesity, which normally facilitates the outset of complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T10:39:17Z","timestamp":1734604757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<i>Tetracarpidium conophorum<\/i> nuts (African walnuts) up\u2010regulated adiponectin and <scp>PPAR<\/scp>\u2010\u03b3 expressions with reciprocal suppression of <scp>TNF<\/scp>\u2010\u03b1 gene in obesity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Grace Ufedo","family":"Umoru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences Evangel University Akaeze  Okpoto Ebonyi State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3757-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Item Justin","family":"Atangwho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Calabar  Calabar Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esien","family":"David\u2010Oku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Calabar  Calabar Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1129-1785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Ejim","family":"Uti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Federal University of Health Sciences  Otukpo Benue State Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Research and 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