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Limb bone grafts expressing Hox positive genes are commonly used for free transplantation to repair Hox negative mandibular critical bone defects. However, the specific role of original Hox genes in newly formed bone during the cross\u2010layer bone grafting healing process remains unexplored. Our findings demonstrate that femurs ectopically grafted into the mandibular environment retained a significant ability to differentiate into cartilage and form cartilaginous callus, which may be a key factor contributing to differences in bone graft healing. Hoxc10, an embryonic layer\u2010specific genes, regulates cartilage formation during bone healing. Mechanistically, we observed Hoxc10 retention in co\u2010cultured femoral BMSCs. Knocking out Hoxc10 narrows the bone gap and reduces cartilage formation. In summary, we reveal Hoxc10's \u2018positional memory\u2019 after adult cross\u2010layer bone graft, influencing the outcomes of autologous bone graft.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T03:45:29Z","timestamp":1729568729000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hoxc10\u2010mediated \u2018positional memory\u2019 regulates cartilage formation subsequent to femoral heterotopic grafting"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Haoyue","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology  Taiyuan China"},{"name":"Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials  Taiyuan 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