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Sodium bisulfide (50\u2009\u03bcmol\/kg\/d) was injected intraperitoneally daily for 2\u2009weeks as H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S treatment. Electromyogram, haematoxylin eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, western blotting and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay were then performed. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S treatment did not affect body weights, blood glucose levels or liver function of diabetic rats, while the creatine levels of the H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S\u2010treated diabetic rats decreased compared with the diabetic control rats. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S treatment for 2\u2009weeks did not affect the sciatic nerve conduction velocity of the diabetic rats. However, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S treatment relieved neurons loss and cell atrophy of dorsal root ganglion, and axon degeneration of sciatic nerve in diabetic rats. Serum super oxide dismutase (SOD) levels and SOD2 levels in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats were lower than the non\u2010diabetic rats but were restored after H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S treatment. Serum and sciatic nerve homogenate malondialdehyde and aldose reductase expression were higher in diabetic rats but decreased significantly after H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S treatment. Our study revealed that H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S alleviates neural degeneration in diabetic rats probably by reducing oxidative stress and downregulating aldose reductase expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T04:45:14Z","timestamp":1731127514000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hydrogen sulfide alleviates neural degeneration probably by reducing oxidative stress and aldose reductase expression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Wenqi","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People\u2019s Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tingyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiaotong University 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