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While the pathophysiology of SICM remains incompletely understood, emerging evidence highlights the multifaceted functions of exosomes, small membrane\u2010bound extracellular vesicles, in mediating the inflammatory responses and cardiac dysfunction involved in this condition. During sepsis, exosomes are secreted by various cells, such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and macrophages, which serve as critical messengers, transferring proteins, lipids and RNA molecules that influence recipient cells, thus affecting cellular functions and disease progression. 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