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This study aims to elucidate the immune inflammatory status of hippocampal tissue in septic mice, providing potential targets for treatment and prevention. Male C57BL\/6J mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery. Twenty\u2010four hours post\u2010surgery, hippocampal tissues were harvested for transcriptome sequencing and immunofluorescence analysis. Immune cell infiltration was assessed using the xCell package, and structural changes in brain microvessels were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence confirmed immune cell presence in the hippocampus. Hub genes related to immune responses were identified using protein\u2013protein interaction networks, weighted gene co\u2010expression network analysis, and enrichment analysis of immune\u2010related biological processes. In CLP mice, microvessel endothelial cells were separated, with swelling and damage to tight junctions. Significant infiltration of myeloid immune cells, including dendritic cells, monocytes and neutrophils, was observed in the hippocampus. Seven immune\u2010related hub genes (\n                    <jats:italic>Fcer1g<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Fcgr2b<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Fcgr3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Icam1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Itgb2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ptprc<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Slc11a1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) play a pivotal role in mediating immune responses.\n                    <jats:italic>Fcer1g<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Fcgr2b<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Slc11a1<\/jats:italic>\n                    were positively correlated with monocytes and neutrophils, suggesting their involvement in the recruitment of immune cells to the brain. This study enhances our understanding of peripheral immune cell infiltration in sepsis and provides novel insights into potential therapeutic targets for sepsis\u2010associated encephalopathy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T10:42:17Z","timestamp":1761907337000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Peripheral Immune Cell Infiltration in the Hippocampus of Sepsis Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9997-4299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research 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Research Institute of Brain and Brain\u2010Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain\u2010Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, 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