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Therefore, mutation\u2010based reverse vaccinology approaches were implemented to formulate an epitope\u2010based vaccine against the LASV, considering the variability in the glycoprotein. The glycoprotein was examined to screen out the B and T cell epitopes and further examined for the immunodominant epitope activity assessment. These epitopes were mapped with the identified position to introduce variability. 2 LBL (Linear B\u2010cell lymphocyte), 21 MHC\u2010I (Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I), and 8 MHC\u2010II potential epitopes were considered for wild and mutated (based on the mutation mapping). The wild and mutated vaccines were separately constructed, which comprise 545 amino acids in length by adjoining B and T cell epitopes via a specific linker, and also an adjuvant, PADRE epitope, 6xHis\u2010Tag, was incorporated to enhance the effectiveness. The formulated vaccine showed acceptable\u00a03D structure quality (most favoured of wild: 91.5% and mutated: 91%) and high population coverage, i.e., 94%. The docking examination of wild and mutated vaccine with toll\u2010like receptor 2 (TLR\u20102) revealed strong binding affinity, that is, \u221211.1 and \u221219.9\u2009kcal\/mol, and remarkable stability over 100\u2009ns simulation based on the RMSD, RMSF. The immune simulation and in silico\u2010assisted cloning demonstrated a robust immune response and a remarkable expression in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    system based on the GC% (wild; 57.51 and mutated; 57.57) and similar codon adaptive index value, that is, 0.93. The integrated approach will certainly aid in designing a mutation\u2010based epitope\u2010based vaccine that may counter different strains of LASV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T04:49:56Z","timestamp":1761108596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Mutation\u2010Based Reverse Vaccinology Approach Considering Variability in Epitopes to Combat Multi\u2010Strains: A\u00a0Study Using Glycoprotein of\n                    <scp>LASV<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Saurav Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics University of North Bengal  Darjeeling India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh B.","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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