{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T10:47:14Z","timestamp":1767178034314,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009329","name":"Scientific Research and Technology Development Program of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Guike AD21220134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Guike AD21220134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), cartilage endplate (CEP) cells undergo calcification and ossification, relying primarily on glycolysis for energy metabolism. Leptin (LEP) initiates the IDD, while its underlying mechanism related to glycolysis remains elusive in CEP cells. To investigate the underlying mechanism of LEP on IDD, an IDD rat model was established and LEP\u2010added CEP cells were adopted, with a glycolysis inhibitor (2\u2010DG) and sh\u2010HIF\u20101\u03b1. A rat IDD model was successfully established, with the model group exhibiting endplate calcification, ossification, and increased LEP levels. In\u00a0vitro experiments confirmed that LEP dose\u2010dependently promotes calcification and ossification in CEP cells. LEP also upregulated calcification\u2010related indicators (BMP\u20102, Sox9) and osteogenesis\u2010related genes (OCN, Runx2), inducing the formation of calcified nodules and increased ALP activity. Mechanistic studies revealed that glycolysis\u2010related proteins and lactic acid content in both IDD rat and LEP\u2010added CEP cells were elevated. This process could be reversed using the glycolysis inhibitor 2\u2010DG. Further experiments demonstrated that LEP promoted glycolysis by upregulating the OCN\/HIF\u20101\u03b1 axis; knockdown of either OCN or HIF\u20101\u03b1 blocked LEP\u2010induced calcification and ossification. LEP is elevated in IDD, and LEP accelerates the calcification and ossification through stimulating glycolysis by the OCN\/HIF\u20101\u03b1 axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.71008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T10:43:16Z","timestamp":1767177796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leptin Regulates Intervertebral Disc Calcification and Ossification by Promoting Glycolysis Through\n                    <scp>OCN<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>HIF<\/scp>\n                    \u20101\u03b1 Axis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Haoxi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengqiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuhai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuyu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiqi","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanlu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4117-4106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianxun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences  Nanning China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e316","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00098-X","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Burden of Low Back Pain, 1990\u20102020, Its Attributable Risk Factors, and Projections to 2050: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"5","author":"GBD 2021 Low Back Pain Collaborators","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031715","article-title":"The Proteolysis of ECM in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration","volume":"23","author":"Liang H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.799130","article-title":"Platelet\u2010Derived Growth Factor\u2010BB Inhibits Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Suppressing Pyroptosis and Activating the MAPK Signaling Pathway","volume":"12","author":"Zhang W.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1822097","article-title":"Mitophagy in Degenerative Joint Diseases","volume":"17","author":"Sun K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318175cae7","article-title":"Dynamic Compression Effects on Intervertebral Disc Mechanics and Biology","volume":"33","author":"Korecki C. 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