{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:52:08Z","timestamp":1792122728389,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer and poses treatment challenges owing to genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Conventional treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, often have limitations in terms of efficacy and tolerability. Advances in epigenetic therapies such as DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors offer promising avenues for reversing abnormal gene expression in OSCC. Mitochondria\u2010targeted therapies leverage metabolic disruption and reactive oxygen species modulation to induce apoptosis. Immunotherapy, particularly with immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines, enhances the immune response against cancer cells. This review explores the interplay between the tumour microenvironment and oral microbiome in OSCC progression and treatment response. Additionally, RNA interference therapy and nanoparticle\u2010based drug delivery systems enable targeted therapeutic strategies, reduce off\u2010target effects and improve efficacy. Although these approaches show potential, challenges in clinical translation remain. The integration of precision medicine with innovative drug delivery systems can significantly improve patient outcomes in oral cancer management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.71107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T11:31:15Z","timestamp":1777030275000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Oral Cancer: Epigenetic, Mitochondrial and Immunotherapy Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Geetha","family":"Shanmugam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences  Thandalam, Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelin Durai","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Nanoscience Lab\u2010Helix Research Studio, Department of Neonatology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences  Thandalam, Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rekha","family":"Thiruvengadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Nanoscience Lab\u2010Helix Research Studio, Department of Neonatology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences  Thandalam, Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthu","family":"Thiruvengadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science Konkuk University  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Centre for Research Impact &amp; Outcome Chitkara University  Rajpura Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaly","family":"Morozov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saints Petersburg State Agrarian University  Saints Petersburg Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Kolesnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saints Petersburg State Agrarian University  Saints Petersburg Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Alkaladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science University of Jeddah  Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4427-249X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rashad","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Department, College of Sciences Ibb University  Ibb Governorate Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Shariati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saints Petersburg State Agrarian University  Saints Petersburg Russia"},{"name":"Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry Semey Branch of the Institute  Almaty Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38022","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16723","article-title":"Combination Therapy in Combating Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Bayat Mokhtari R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-021-00648-w","article-title":"Targeting of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment by Metformin","volume":"16","author":"Wu Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13092053","article-title":"The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities","volume":"13","author":"Neophytou C. 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