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Base editing represents a significant leap forward, enabling targeted single\u2010nucleotide conversions directly on the DNA without DSBs or donor templates. The core technology involves fusing catalytically dead or nickase Cas proteins to DNA deaminase enzymes. Cytosine base editors (CBEs) convert C\u2022G to T\u2022A pairs, while adenine base editors (ABEs) change A\u2022T to G\u2022C. These editors exploit the deaminase function within the R\u2010loop structure formed by Cas binding and co\u2010opt endogenous DNA repair mechanisms for precision. While offering improved efficiency and editing precision, base editing faces persistent challenges, such as off\u2010target effects, bystander edits, delivery and ethical concerns. Continuous engineering efforts have refined these tools, enhancing accuracy, expanding targetability and reducing unwanted edits. The base editing arsenal has also broadened to include C\u2010to\u2010G base editors (CGBEs), dual A&amp;C editors and versions targeting organelles. Successful preclinical studies demonstrating the correction of mutations responsible for the disease have paved the way for clinical trials, which are now testing therapies for conditions like sickle cell disease, \u03b2\u2010thalassaemia and hypercholesterolemia using various delivery systems. This review explores CRISPR base editing's origins, mechanisms of action, potential therapies and current restrictions, pointing to its broadening impact on medical genetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.71159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T10:15:59Z","timestamp":1777112159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Advances in CRISPR Base Editing: From Molecular Evolution to Therapeutic Applications in Genomic Medicine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3471-7073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melike","family":"Aliciaslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gene and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine Akdeniz University  Antalya 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