{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:54:09Z","timestamp":1781535249732,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    \u03b2, \u03b2\u2010Dimethylacrylshikonin (DMAS), a natural naphthoquinone derivative isolated from the root of a biennial herb belonging to the family\n                    <jats:italic>Boraginaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , has been demonstrated to exhibit anti\u2010cancer and anti\u2010inflammatory features. Yet, the effects of DMAS on restraining the progression of prostate cancer (PC) remain mostly elusive. Here, we attempted to examine whether DMAS hampers PC progression and subsequently explored the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrate that DMAS elicited cytotoxicity to PC cell lines, DU\u2010145 and PC\u20103 cells, along with promotion of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Moreover, fluctuations in the levels of many potential apoptosis markers (upregulation of HO\u20101 and downregulation of cIAP\u20101 and XIAP) and activation of caspase pathways were observed in DMAS\u2010treated PC cell lines. Furthermore, DMAS\u2010induced caspase activations in PC cells were affected by silencing of HO\u20101 and the pretreatment with a selective ERK (U0126) or p38 inhibitor (SB203580), unveiling a functional linkage of HO\u20101, ERK, and p38 signalling to the responses of DMAS\u2010treated PC cells. In conclusion, our results revealed that DMAS induced activation of caspase cascades to elicit cell apoptosis in PC, through HO\u20101 upregulation and ERK\/p38 activation. These findings provide possible avenues for the use of a naturally occurring compound with therapeutic values in fighting prostate carcinogenesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.71241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:46:51Z","timestamp":1780980411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u03b2, \u03b2\u2010Dimethylacrylshikonin Triggers Caspase\u2010Mediated Cell Apoptosis via Heme Oxygenase\u20101 Upregulation and\n                    <scp>ERK<\/scp>\n                    \/p38 Activation in Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Wei\u2010Chun","family":"Weng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing Jenteh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management  Miaoli Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Post\u2010Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4942-1888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi\u2010Hsien","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7113-8352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih\u2010Hsin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Asia University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Chinese Medicine Research Centre China Medical 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