{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T04:04:48Z","timestamp":1784088288520,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82230083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82230083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients develop severe scoliosis by late adolescence. Given that the paraspinal muscles\u2014particularly the multifidus\u2014are indispensable for maintaining spinal stability, their site\u2010specific multi\u2010omics characteristics in SMA remain insufficiently defined. Herein, integrated multi\u2010omics sequencing was performed on bilateral multifidus samples from SMA patients and surgical controls. We identified 5219 differentially expressed genes, 1063 differentially expressed proteins and 370 differential metabolites between the control and SMA, showing significant enrichment in glucose and amino acid metabolism pathways, specifically key steps of glycolysis\/gluconeogenesis. Key enzymes in the glycolytic process such as PFKM, ENO3 and PKM1 were markedly downregulated. Notably, a comparative analysis of the bilateral paraspinal muscles in SMA revealed asymmetrical metabolic signatures in carbohydrate and amino acid processing between the concave and convex sides. Key regulatory enzymes exhibited significant differential expression: PYGL, a central driver of starch and sucrose metabolism; creatine kinase, involved in arginine and proline metabolism; and PGAM2, a key mediator of glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. These metabolic signatures indicate a complex metabolic reprogramming in the multifidus, where asymmetric disparities point to the influence of mechanical loading, while systemic dysregulation aligns with the effects of SMN depletion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.71279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T04:06:34Z","timestamp":1783310794000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi\u2010Omics Landscape of Paraspinal Muscles in Spinal Muscular Atrophy With Scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junduo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu'an","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences  Beijing People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3384-5811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiyun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking 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