{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T04:59:18Z","timestamp":1785301158441,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Liver fibrosis (LF) is a critical pathological stage in the progression from chronic liver disease to cirrhosis. While\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Abelmoschus manihot<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    polysaccharides (AMP) demonstrate hepatoprotective potential, the underlying anti\u2010fibrotic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. A carbon tetrachloride\u2010induced LF mouse model was established followed by AMP intervention. Comprehensive assessments included ELISA measurement of serum biochemical indicators (ALT, AST, ALP, TBA, TBil), fibrosis markers (HA, PC III, LN, Hyp) and inflammatory cytokines (IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, IL\u201010). Liver tissue pathological changes were evaluated through haematoxylin\u2013eosin (HE), Masson and Sirius Red staining. In\u00a0vitro experiments utilised TGF\u2010\u03b21\u2010stimulated JS\u20101 and LPS\/IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010induced M1\u2010type RAW264.7 macrophages. Experimental techniques encompassed MTT assay, immunofluorescence, qPCR, Western blot and flow cytometry to analyse cellular markers and signalling pathways. The study specifically investigated AMP's regulatory effects on macrophage polarisation and hepatic stellate cell activation, using the AMPK inhibitor (Compound C) to explore potential mechanistic pathways. AMP treatment effectively mitigated CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced liver injury by reducing serum markers (ALT, AST, HA, PC III, Hyp) and pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106) while increasing anti\u2010inflammatory IL\u201010. Mechanistically, AMP regulated macrophage polarisation (inhibiting M1 markers iNOS\/CD80\/CD86 while promoting M2 markers CD206\/Arg\u20101) and suppressed fibrogenesis by downregulating \u03b1\u2010SMA, Collagen I and TIMP1 while upregulating MMP13. These effects were mediated through activation of the AMPK\/Nrf2\/HO\u20101 pathway, ultimately inhibiting HSCs activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. The AMPK inhibitor Compound C attenuates these protective effects. AMP alleviates LF by activating the AMPK\/Nrf2\/HO\u20101 pathway, modulating macrophage polarisation and ECM remodelling, demonstrating promising therapeutic potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.71294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T22:02:00Z","timestamp":1785103320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>\n                      <i>Abelmoschus manihot<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Polysaccharides Target the AMPK\/Nrf2\/HO\u20101 Signalling Pathway to Inhibit Macrophage M1 Polarisation and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation Improving Liver Fibrosis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5619-404X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shixing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Therapy 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