{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T07:26:25Z","timestamp":1786778785551,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003452","name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PsH\/130\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PsH\/130\/24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Kawasaki disease (KD) and viral infection (VD) share similar clinical features but require distinct treatments. A practical biomarker to distinguish them is therefore clinically important. Previous blood transcriptome studies identified many differentially expressed genes, but large gene panels are impractical for routine laboratories. A ratio\u2010based Direct Leukocyte Single\u2010cell\u2010type Transcript Abundance (DIRECT LS\u2010TA) assay was recently developed to quantify monocyte gene expression directly in whole blood using a monocyte\u2010specific target gene relative to monocyte reference genes (\n                    <jats:italic>PSAP<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>CTSS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Interferon\u2010stimulated genes\n                    <jats:italic>IFI27, IFI44L<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>SIGLEC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    can be measured by this approach. In this study, three ratio biomarkers (\n                    <jats:italic>IFI27\/PSAP, IFI44L\/PSAP, SIGLEC1\/PSAP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and a conventional interferon (IFN) score derived from eight genes were calculated from public blood transcriptome datasets (GSE73461 and GSE68004) and compared between KD and VD. VD patients showed markedly elevated IFN\u2010related biomarkers, with all three ratios significantly higher in VD and\n                    <jats:italic>IFI27\/PSAP<\/jats:italic>\n                    giving the largest increase.\n                    <jats:italic>IFI27\/PSAP<\/jats:italic>\n                    achieved the highest diagnostic performance (AUC 0.90), slightly exceeding the conventional IFN score (AUC 0.89). These findings suggest that absent or minimal IFN activation argues against VD and supports KD, and that this simple ratio assay could serve as a clinically useful exclusion test.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.71303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:58:33Z","timestamp":1785387513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Monocyte Single\u2010Cell\u2010Type Gene Expression Analysis Differentiates Kawasaki Disease From Viral Infection With High Specificity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3607-5819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson L. S.","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Cytomics Limited Hong Kong Science Park  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics and KIZ\/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Functional Genomics and Biostatistical Computing Laboratory CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9721-2153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsz\u2010Ki","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytomics Limited Hong Kong Science Park  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6912-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assunta C. H.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh Simon","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3022-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern University of Science and Technology  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk\u2010Ling","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts and Humanities Tung Wah College  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwong\u2010Sak","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","first-page":"e927","article-title":"Diagnosis, Treatment, and Long\u2010Term Management of Kawasaki Disease: A Scientific Statement for Health Professionals From the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"Bw 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