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Axonal damage results in Nfl release into the cerebrospinal fluid and the blood stream. Axonal damage is a frequent finding in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)\u2010infected SJL mice, a viral model for multiple sclerosis. Following the hypothesis that TMEV\u2010associated axonal damage is reflected by serum Nfl (sNfl) levels, histopathological findings were compared with sNfl levels at 7, 14, 42 and 147\/85\u2009days post infection (dpi) in TMEV\u2010susceptible SJL and \u2010resistant C57BL\/6 mice. Axonal damage was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for \u03b2\u2010amyloid precursor protein (\u03b2APP) and synaptophysin (syn). Both markers were significantly increased at 42 and 85 dpi in the spinal cord of SJL mice, whereas no axonopathy was observed in the spinal cord of C57BL\/6 mice. Similarly, significantly increased sNfl values were only observed in SJL mice at 42 and 85 dpi but not in C57BL\/6 mice. Results show a positive correlation between histochemically detected axonal damage and sNfl in TMEV\u2010infected SJL mice. Thus, sNfl represents a potential marker for in\u00a0vivo monitoring of axonal damage in this animal model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.71304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T04:54:58Z","timestamp":1785387298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurofilament Light Chain (Nfl) Level in Serum as a Suitable In\u00a0Vivo Biomarker for Axonal Damage in a Murine Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3147-2097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Segna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Center for Systems Neuroscience  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7901-7141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Wannemacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Center for Systems Neuroscience  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8770-8154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Rohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Data Processing University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Sippel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ldt.  Allschwill Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ldt.  Allschwill Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"L\u00fchder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fl\u00fcgel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Systems Neuroscience  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Baumg\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hannover Germany"},{"name":"Center for Systems Neuroscience  Hannover 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