{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:16:18Z","timestamp":1788243378583,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82211540401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82211540401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection poses potential risks to stem cell\u2010based therapeutic applications; however, the effects of parasite\u2010derived soluble factors on mesenchymal stem cells remain unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010derived soluble factors (Tg\u2010SFs) on human umbilical cord\u2010derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC\u2010MSCs). hUC\u2010MSCs were exposed to Tg\u2010SFs generated in a Transwell co\u2010culture system, and cellular phenotypes and p53 signalling were analysed using integrated functional and molecular approaches. Tg\u2010SFs induced upper\u2010chamber multiplicity of infection (MOI)\u2010dependent cytotoxicity in hUC\u2010MSCs, accompanied by cytoskeletal remodelling and nuclear condensation. Tg\u2010SFs exposure caused marked G2\/M phase accumulation, which was accompanied by reduced expression of Cyclin A2, Cyclin B1, and Cyclin E2 and increased p21 expression. In addition, Tg\u2010SFs exposure reduced phosphorylation of CDK1 at Thr161. Tg\u2010SFs\u2010exposed hUC\u2010MSCs underwent significant apoptosis, as evidenced by PARP and Caspase\u20103 cleavage. Mechanistically, Tg\u2010SFs promoted accumulation of total p53 protein and selective phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 and Ser392, and modulated Bcl\u20102 family proteins by upregulating Bax, BID, Bak, Bad, and Puma while downregulating Bcl\u2010xL and Mcl\u20101. Pharmacological inhibition of p53 with PFT\u2010\u03b1 and siRNA\u2010mediated p53 knockdown partially reversed these effects, indicating that p53 signalling contributes substantially, but not exclusively, to Tg\u2010SFs\u2010induced mitochondrial apoptosis. These findings indicate that\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010derived soluble factors impair hUC\u2010MSC viability through G2\/M phase accumulation and p53\u2010associated mitochondrial apoptosis, highlighting a potential safety consideration for MSC\u2010based applications under parasite\u2010associated conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.71312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T05:13:57Z","timestamp":1786943637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    \u2010Derived Soluble Factors Induce\n                    <scp>G2<\/scp>\n                    \/M Phase Accumulation and p53\u2010Associated Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6047-4201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotissue Repository Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University  Zhanjiang Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University  Zhanjiang Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University  Zhanjiang Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University  Zhanjiang Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University  Zhanjiang Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Animal Center Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University  Zhanjiang Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2306-1805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University  Zhanjiang Guangdong 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