{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:06:52Z","timestamp":1790863612288,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012021","name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IR.IUMS.REC.1402.3.75.25755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR.IUMS.REC.1402.3.75.25755"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Glioma is an aggressive intracranial malignancy associated with a poor prognosis and high mortality. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T\u2010cell therapy has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic approach for solid tumours; however, its application in glioma is constrained by several significant challenges. This study conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to synthesise current methodologies and critically evaluate the clinical efficacy of CAR\u2010T\u2010cell\u2010based immunotherapies in patients with glioma. A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase using MeSH terms along with relevant keywords. The review process adhered to the PRISMA framework, applying clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Standard and augmented meta\u2010analyses were employed to evaluate clinical outcomes, associated complications and potential publication bias. The study protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO under registration number CRD42022373297. Of 7723 retrieved records, 23 studies encompassing 306 patients with glioma met inclusion criteria. Efficacy analysis of 12 studies (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009153 evaluable patients) demonstrated a pooled overall response rate of 16.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.0%\u201332.2%), driven by complete responses in 8.1% (95% CI, 3.5%\u201317.8%) and partial responses in 13.1% (95% CI, 6.3%\u201325.5%) of patients. Stable disease was achieved in 46.6% (95% CI, 34.3%\u201359.3%); progressive disease was observed in 43.9% (95% CI, 27.7%\u201361.5%). Safety evaluation revealed grade \u2265\u20093 adverse events in 18.6% (95% CI, 10.0%\u201333.0%) of treated patients (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200969 across 9 studies). Cytokine release syndrome affected 29.7% (95% CI, 9.3%\u201363.3%) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200980 across 9 studies), while immune effector cell\u2010associated neurotoxicity syndrome developed in 12.9% (95% CI, 3.6%\u201337.0%) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200959 across 7 studies). This review demonstrated CAR\u2010T\u2010cell therapy to have promise in glioma, but evidence remains limited by heterogeneity and small samples. Larger standardised trials, systematic adverse\u2010event reporting and mechanistic studies on constructs, dosing and combinations are needed. Biomarker discovery will refine patient selection, reduce risk and clarify the therapeutic role of CAR\u2010T cells in glioma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.71358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:03:21Z","timestamp":1790388201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of\n                    <scp>CAR<\/scp>\n                    \u2010T\u2010Cell\u2010Based Immunotherapies in Patients With Glioma: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1068-1837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Mostafa Mostafavi","family":"Zadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gene Therapy Science Gunma University, Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR)  Maebashi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2961-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sima","family":"Kalantari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Iranian Society of Molecular Medicine  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9518-8890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaghayegh Shafiee","family":"Dastgerdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physics University of Isfahan  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7999-393X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2833-2472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5023-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raheleh","family":"Roudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2397-6914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Shariftabrizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics  Iowa city Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Kalantari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5611-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davoud","family":"Ahmadvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3961-6702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Yazdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9922-7181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Nedaeinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non\u2010Communicable Disease Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan 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