{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:40:12Z","timestamp":1784551212949,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]],"date-time":"2012-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation","award":["CBET-0941143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBET-0941143"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["R01LM009338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01LM009338"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006734","name":"Princeton University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify optimal combination(s) of proteomic based biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content>) samples from chronic periodontitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content>) and periodontally healthy individuals and validate the predictions through known and blind test sets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> samples were collected from 96 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CP<\/jats:styled-content> and periodontally healthy subjects and analysed using high\u2010performance liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PILOT<\/jats:styled-content>_<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROTEIN<\/jats:styled-content> algorithm. A mixed\u2010integer linear optimization (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MILP<\/jats:styled-content>) model was then developed to identify the optimal combination of biomarkers which could clearly distinguish a blind subject sample as healthy or diseased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A thorough cross\u2010validation of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MILP<\/jats:styled-content> model capability was performed on a training set of 55 samples and greater than 99% accuracy was consistently achieved when annotating the testing set samples as healthy or diseased. The model was then trained on all 55 samples and tested on two different blind test sets, and using an optimal combination of 7 human proteins and 3 bacterial proteins, the model was able to correctly predict 40 out of 41 healthy and diseased samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed large\u2010scale proteomic analysis and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MILP<\/jats:styled-content> model led to the identification of novel combinations of biomarkers for consistent diagnosis of periodontal status with greater than 95% predictive accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,30]],"date-time":"2012-10-30T07:36:41Z","timestamp":1351582601000},"page":"131-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Discovery of biomarker combinations that predict periodontal health or disease with high accuracy from <scp>GCF<\/scp> samples based on high\u2010throughput proteomic analysis and mixed\u2010integer linear optimization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Baliban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Sakellari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zukui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannis A.","family":"Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University 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