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The influence of smoking on factors that support B\u2010cell function in periodontitis remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate plasma concentrations of TNF (TNSF1A), soluble receptor activator of nuclear\u2010factor Kappa\u2010B ligand (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sRANKL<\/jats:styled-content>\/TNFSF11), a proliferation\u2010inducing ligand (APRIL\/TNFSF13), B\u2010cell activating factor (BAFF\/TNFSF13B) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG\/TNFRSF11B) in smokers and non\u2010smokers with and without chronic periodontitis<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials &amp; Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Plasma concentrations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNFSF<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OPG<\/jats:styled-content> were evaluated in 200 systemically healthy subjects divided into four groups: non\u2010smokers with periodontitis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0101), smokers with periodontitis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a055), healthy non\u2010smokers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a027) and healthy smokers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a017).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontitis patients had significantly higher plasma <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sRANKL<\/jats:styled-content>, TNF, APRIL and BAFF and lower OPG than healthy subjects (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). TNF and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sRANKL<\/jats:styled-content> were significantly greater in smokers with periodontitis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.011, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) and OPG concentrations significantly lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001), whereas APRIL or BAFF were little changed. Plasma APRIL, BAFF, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sRANKL<\/jats:styled-content> and TNF correlated with probing depth and clinical attachment loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TNFSF cytokines correlate with periodontitis disease severity. However, only TNF, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sRANKL<\/jats:styled-content> and OPG levels were altered by cigarette smoking. APRIL and BAFF appear as good indicators of disease severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,26]],"date-time":"2013-06-26T06:32:40Z","timestamp":1372228360000},"page":"875-882","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Comparison of circulating tumour necrosis factor superfamily cytokines in periodontitis patients undergoing supportive therapy: a case\u2010controlled cross\u2010sectional study comparing smokers and non\u2010smokers in health and disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Nile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Glasgow Dental School School of Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sakhr","family":"Sherrabeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glasgow Dental School School of Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Ramage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glasgow Dental School School of Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David F.","family":"Lappin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glasgow Dental School School of Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11-S.2066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01810.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00272.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-004-0043-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1987.tb02364.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1983.tb01367.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02368.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.1999.260604.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2008.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03026317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200106)44:6<1313::AID-ART223>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2010.483258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510376402"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.3.391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.130117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2005.00852.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313X.2009.00830.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.2.196"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.12.8536"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411000110030501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2009.01267.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.1999.260309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01757.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.129940"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-037994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.1999.260607.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.1.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2007.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.11.1697"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0303-6979.2003.00418.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"1289e303","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases","volume":"77","author":"Mealey B. 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