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This study identified multiple predictors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<\/jats:styled-content> measurement errors \u22651\u00a0mm, including tooth and site location, presence of supra\u2010 and subgingival calculus, bleeding on probing and suppuration. Measurement errors were more likely in patients diagnosed with \u201cextensive\u201d rather than \u201cless extensive\u201d periodontitis. In over half of the patients, measurement error frequencies were too high to allow for detection of possible <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<\/jats:styled-content> changes \u22652\u00a0mm with a false\u2010positive rate \u22645%. Detection of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<\/jats:styled-content> changes with low false\u2010positives was more likely using recordings obtained by the direct method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>From a measurement error point of view, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<jats:sub>DIR<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> recordings are preferable over <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<jats:sub>IND<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,28]],"date-time":"2013-06-28T08:52:52Z","timestamp":1372409572000},"page":"896-905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Reliability of direct and indirect clinical attachment level measurements"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Priscila","family":"Corraini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Section of Periodontology, Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vibeke","family":"Baelum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Section of Periodontology, Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Section of Periodontology, Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque","volume":"25","author":"Ainamo J.","year":"1975","journal-title":"International Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.12.1736"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1992.tb00648.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1984.tb01347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1993.64.9.891"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1990.tb01106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01721.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1981.52.10.626"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-5712(95)00095-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1988.tb01351.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1991.tb01701.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01635.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"114","article-title":"A pressure\u2010sensitive periodontal probe","volume":"15","author":"Gabathuler H.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Helvetica Odontologica Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.1.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01849.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1967.tb01887.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1986.tb01489.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1988.tb01593.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1996.tb00500.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1988.59.7.450"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2001.028004283.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1983.tb01278.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Periodontal probing: Interinvestigator discrepancies and correlations between probing force and recorded depth","volume":"17","author":"Hassell T. 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