{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T10:32:59Z","timestamp":1789813979749,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"EU FP7","award":["261460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["261460"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anti\u2010citrullinated protein antibody (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACPA<\/jats:styled-content>) responses may precede clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis. <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> peptidylarginine deiminase can citrullinate proteins possibly inducing autoimmunity in susceptible individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether periodontitis, carriage of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis,<\/jats:italic> smoking and periodontal therapy influence <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACPA<\/jats:styled-content> titres.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum and plaque samples were collected from 39 periodontitis patients before and after non\u2010surgical periodontal treatment, and from 36 healthy subjects. Carriage of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> was determined by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> of plaque <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACPA<\/jats:styled-content> was determined by anti\u2010cyclic citrullinated peptide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCP<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)<\/jats:styled-content>. Anti\u2010<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> titres were determined by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Untreated periodontitis patients had higher anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCP<\/jats:styled-content> antibody titres than healthy controls [three patients (8%) greater than manufacturer suggested assay diagnostic threshold (5 Assay Units\/AU) <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> none (0%); mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEM<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.37\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.23 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 0.40\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.10\u00a0AU, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001]. Periodontitis patients who smoked demonstrated lower anti\u2010<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> (15956\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04385 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 2512\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01290\u00a0Units\/ml, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), but similar anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCP<\/jats:styled-content> than non\u2010smoking periodontitis patients (smokers: 1.31\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.35; non\u2010smokers: 1.41\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.32\u00a0AU). Healthy smokers demonstrated elevated anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCP<\/jats:styled-content> titres (0.75\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.19\u00a0AU), at levels between healthy non\u2010smokers (0.15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.05\u00a0AU) and non\u2010smoker periodontitis patients. Six months after periodontal treatment, there were significant reductions in anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCP<\/jats:styled-content> (non\u2010smokers <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and anti\u2010<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> (all participants <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In subjects with periodontitis, <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> infection may be responsible for inducing autoimmune responses that characterize rheumatoid arthritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,28]],"date-time":"2013-06-28T08:52:52Z","timestamp":1372409572000},"page":"907-915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Influence of periodontal disease<i>, Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i> and cigarette smoking on systemic anti\u2010citrullinated peptide antibody titres"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"David F.","family":"Lappin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity University of Glasgow Dental School School of Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danae","family":"Apatzidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental School Aristotle University Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Marie","family":"Quirke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute Imperial College London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Oliver\u2010Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity University of Glasgow Dental School School of Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Butcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis F.","family":"Kinane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello P.","family":"Riggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity University of Glasgow Dental School School of Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Venables","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute Imperial College London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain B.","family":"McInnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shauna","family":"Culshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity University of Glasgow Dental School School of Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0303-6979.2004.00461.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00788.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091398"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01552.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"1074","article-title":"Citrullination and peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) expression is detected in the oral mucosa and periodontium in the absence of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"62","author":"Bingham C. 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