{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T21:36:39Z","timestamp":1789940199663,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]],"date-time":"2013-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Procter & Gamble Corporation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant women demonstrate increases in gingivitis despite similar plaque levels to non\u2010pregnant counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate an intensive protocol aimed at reducing gingivitis in pregnant women and provide pilot data for large\u2010scale randomized controlled trials investigating oral hygiene measures to reduce pregnancy gingivitis and alter maternity outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred and twenty participants between 16 and 24\u00a0weeks gestation with Gingival Index (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) scores \u22652 at \u226550% of tooth sites were enrolled. Plaque index (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), gingival inflammation (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), probing depth (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and clinical attachment levels (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) were recorded at baseline and 8\u00a0weeks. Dental prophylaxis was performed at baseline and oral hygiene instructions at baseline, 4 and 8\u00a0weeks. Pregnancy outcomes were recorded at parturition. Mixed\u2010model analysis of variance was used to compare clinical measurements at baseline and 8\u00a0weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Statistically significant reductions in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      occurred over the study period. Mean whole mouth\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      scores decreased approximately 50% and the percentage of sites with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u22652 decreased from 40% to 17% and 53% to 21.8%, respectively. Mean decreases in whole mouth\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      of 0.45 and 0.24\u00a0mm, respectively, were seen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intensive oral hygiene regimen decreased gingivitis in pregnant patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,25]],"date-time":"2013-10-25T15:19:12Z","timestamp":1382714352000},"page":"141-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Oral health education and therapy reduces gingivitis during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Geisinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolaas C.","family":"Geurs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maninder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Vassilopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne P.","family":"Cliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Hauth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"415","article-title":"Reduced systemic inflammatory mediators after treatment of chronic gingivitis","volume":"34","author":"Alzaharni A. 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