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In addition, <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> K1 and K2 serotypes induce a strong Th1\u2013Th17 response. This study aimed to investigate whether these <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> serotypes induce higher osteoclasts activation, by increased Th17\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content> production, and an antigen\u2010specific memory T\u2010lymphocyte response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content> production and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRAP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> osteoclast induction were quantified on na\u00efve T lymphocytes stimulated with dendritic cells primed with the <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>gingivalis<\/jats:italic> serotypes. The T\u2010bet, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GATA<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RORC<\/jats:styled-content>2 and Foxp3 expression was correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content> production. The frequency of proliferating memory T lymphocytes in response to <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> serotypes was determined in both periodontitis and healthy subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>T lymphocytes stimulated by K1 or K2\u2010primed dendritic cells elicited higher levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRAP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> osteoclasts than cells stimulated with the other serotypes. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content> positively correlated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RORC<\/jats:styled-content>2. Whereas periodontitis patients had a higher frequency of memory T lymphocytes responding to K1 or K2, healthy subjects had a higher frequency of memory T lymphocytes responding to K4 or K<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> serotypes K1 and K2, but not others, are associated with an increased production of the osteoclastogenesis\u2010related factor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANKL<\/jats:styled-content>. This important information suggests that these serotypes could elicit a greater bone resorption in vivo and have a role in the periodontitis pathogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]],"date-time":"2014-01-29T18:39:59Z","timestamp":1391020799000},"page":"451-459","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Activation of <scp>RANKL<\/scp>\u2010induced osteoclasts and memory T lymphocytes by <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i> is serotype dependant"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Rolando","family":"Vernal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Centro de Investigaciones Biol\u00f3gicas (CIB\u2010CSIC) Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Periodontal Biology Laboratory Department of Conservative Dentistry Dental School Universidad de Chile Santiago de Chile 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