{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T10:15:29Z","timestamp":1780049729306,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health NRSA T90 Training Grant NIH\/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","award":["5T90DE021986-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T90DE021986-04"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN268201100005C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100005C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN268201100006C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100006C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN268201100007C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100007C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN268201100008C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100008C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN268201100009C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100009C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN268201100010C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100010C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN268201100011C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100011C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HHSN268201100012C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN268201100012C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess whether partial\u2010mouth protocols (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRP<\/jats:styled-content>s) result in biased estimates of the associations between smoking, alcohol, obesity and diabetes with periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a sample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06129) of the 1996\u20131998 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, we used measures of probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level to identify moderate\u2010severe periodontitis. Adjusting for confounders, unconditional binary logistic regression estimated prevalence odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POR<\/jats:styled-content>) and 95% confidence limits. Specifically, we compared <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POR<\/jats:styled-content> for smoking, alcohol, obesity and diabetes with periodontitis derived from full\u2010mouth to those derived from 4\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRP<\/jats:styled-content>s (Ramfj\u00f6rd, National Health and Nutrition Examination survey\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>, modified\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHANES<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> and 42\u2010site\u2010Random\u2010site selection\u2010method). Finally, we conducted a simple sensitivity analysis of periodontitis misclassification by changing the case definition threshold for each <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In comparison to full\u2010mouth <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POR<\/jats:styled-content>s, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRP POR<\/jats:styled-content>s were biased in terms of magnitude and direction. Holding the full\u2010mouth case definition at moderate\u2010severe periodontitis and setting it at mild\u2010moderate\u2010severe for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRP<\/jats:styled-content>s did not consistently produce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POR<\/jats:styled-content> estimates that were either biased towards or away from the null in comparison to full\u2010mouth estimates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Partial\u2010mouth protocols result in misclassification of periodontitis and may bias epidemiologic measures of association. The magnitude and direction of this bias depends on choice of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRP<\/jats:styled-content> and case definition threshold used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]],"date-time":"2015-06-15T08:38:45Z","timestamp":1434357525000},"page":"609-621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Bias in estimating the cross\u2010sectional smoking, alcohol, obesity and diabetes associations with moderate\u2010severe periodontitis in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study: comparison of full <i>versus<\/i> partial\u2010mouth estimates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Aderonke A.","family":"Akinkugbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Dental Ecology School of Dentistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veeral M.","family":"Saraiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"},{"name":"Department of Dental Ecology School of Dentistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Preisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0727-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Offenbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology School of Dentistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Ecology School of Dentistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070525"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2009.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.2006.00252.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2001.6.1.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1998.3.1.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1996.67.10s.1123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01223.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.110664"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510377793"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11-S.2075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01210.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1988.59.11.707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01243.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01325.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01809.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182117c85"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910408300215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.6.923"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.060264"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1294","article-title":"Association between obesity and chronic periodontitis: a cross\u2010sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Palle A. R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200704"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1959.30.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","volume-title":"Modern Epidemiology","author":"Rothman K. J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2006.00186.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800070701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808133390717"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.300069"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.9.1534"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.2.262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.2004.00588.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2001.72.2.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00503.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.14.050193.000441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.5.743"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00353.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjcpe.12425","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjcpe.12425","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jcpe.12425","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T11:16:46Z","timestamp":1696245406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jcpe.12425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jcpe.12425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12425","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0303-6979","1600-051X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0303-6979","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-051X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}}}