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This study aims at elucidating the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> blocking on the interplay between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>2.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obese diabetic Zucker rats and their lean littermates were divided into five treatment groups with or without periodontitis. Anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> treatment was provided with Etanercept injections. Diabetic state was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test, the homeostatic model assessment, free fatty acids and blood glucose. Systemic inflammation was assessed by measurement of interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20101<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> in plasma. Kidney complications were evaluated by real\u2010time rt<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>, creatinine clearance rate, urinary albumin excretion and increase in weight. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> was evaluated by registration of alveolar bone level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After 4\u00a0weeks the diabetic state was modified by Etanercept treatment with lower insulin levels and lower homeostatic model assessment. Furthermore, while kidney complications were reduced by Etanercept treatment, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> had no effect. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> was influenced by diabetic state, but the impact was attenuated by Etanercept treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> treatment improved glucose tolerance and compensated for the increased periodontal disease in obese diabetic Zucker. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> did not influence diabetic parameters assessed including complications of the rats kidneys.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,8]],"date-time":"2015-08-08T02:25:45Z","timestamp":1439000745000},"page":"807-816","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Effects of <scp>TNF<\/scp>\u2010<i>\u03b1<\/i> blocking on experimental periodontitis and type 2 diabetes in obese diabetic <scp>Z<\/scp>ucker rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Morten Bay","family":"Grauballe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0for Periodontology Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob Appel","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Medical Research Laboratories Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Danish Diabetes Academy Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Schou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology Department of Odontology Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Flyvbjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Medical Research Laboratories Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palle","family":"Holmstrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section\u00a0for Periodontology Faculty of Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Section\u00a0for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry Department of Odontology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.12.2792"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2003.00678.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.1340013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:23:2-3:177"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.7.2199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.100321"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2004.00392.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4928","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.12.6336","article-title":"An in\u00a0vivo model for elucidation of the mechanism of tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010alpha)\u2010induced insulin resistance: evidence for differential regulation of insulin signaling by TNF\u2010alpha","volume":"139","author":"Cheung A. 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