{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:32:18Z","timestamp":1790793138386,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009885","name":"Piedmont Region","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009885","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>No epidemiological data on halitosis are available from Italy. Thus, the aim of this population\u2010based cross\u2010sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of halitosis in an urban adult population from North Italy and to explore related oral risk indicators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The survey used a two\u2010stage probability sampling method to collect a representative sample of inhabitants, aged between 20 and 75\u00a0years, in the city of Turin. Seven hundred and forty\u2010four adults were clinically examined (47% of sampled subjects) for oral malodor and periodontal conditions. Using a standardized questionnaire social, health and halitosis\u2010related parameters were collected. Logistic models with interaction terms between tongue coating scores (TCS) and periodontal status were used to explore halitosis risk indicators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence estimate of halitosis according to the organoleptic assessment was 53.51% (95% CI: 48.55\u201358.50). A statistically significant correlation was found between organoleptic and gas chromatography measurements (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001). Stronger associations between halitosis and periodontitis were observed in people having higher TCS: adjusted odds ratio considering low and high TCS in individuals with severe periodontitis were 2.95 and 20.77 (<jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u2264<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to the high prevalence of halitosis in the Turin population, its diagnosis and management should be incorporated in comprehensive dental care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T08:20:01Z","timestamp":1445242801000},"page":"1105-1114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Prevalence estimation of halitosis and its association with oral health\u2010related parameters in an adult population of a city in North Italy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Mario","family":"Aimetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences C.I.R. Dental School University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Perotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Castiglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Epidemiology AOU Citt\u00e0 della Salute e della Scienza and CPO Piedmont Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Ercoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences C.I.R. Dental School University of Turin Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences C.I.R. 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