{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:36:09Z","timestamp":1791945369667,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]],"date-time":"2016-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000396","name":"Technology Strategy Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether combinations of enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content>) can act as improved biomarkers compared with single enzymes for predicting the outcome of treatment and also for diagnosing the clinical status of sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty subjects with chronic periodontitis were recruited to a 12\u2010month longitudinal pilot study. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> samples from three representative sites: healthy (\u22643\u00a0mm), deep non\u2010bleeding (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NB<\/jats:styled-content>) (\u22656\u00a0mm) and deep bleeding (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DB<\/jats:styled-content>) (\u22656\u00a0mm) sites and clinical data were collected at baseline, 3\u00a0months, 6\u00a0months and 12\u00a0months following periodontal treatment. Active enzyme levels (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108, cathepsin G, elastase, trypsin\u2010like activity and sialidase) in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> samples were assessed. The enzyme profiles and clinical data of each site were analysed for correlation and logistic regression was performed to find the predictive value of the active enzyme levels regarding the outcome of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010two individuals completed the study. All active enzyme levels were significantly higher in diseased sites than healthy sites. Logistic regression showed that the combination of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>8, elastase and sialidase provided accurate predictions of treatment outcome (88% for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NB<\/jats:styled-content> and 86% for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DB<\/jats:styled-content>), which was significantly better than each enzyme alone (61%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pilot has suggested that combined active enzyme profiling could provide significant prediction of outcome of treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,23]],"date-time":"2016-04-23T10:50:06Z","timestamp":1461408606000},"page":"629-636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A pilot study of active enzyme levels in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontal disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Sarhang S.","family":"Gul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry School of Clinical Dentistry University of Sheffield Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles W. 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