{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T15:34:46Z","timestamp":1792337686981,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Colgate Palmolive"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common diseases of humans and the main cause of tooth loss. Both diseases can lead to nutritional compromise and negative impacts upon self\u2010esteem and quality of life. As complex chronic diseases, they share common risk factors, such as a requirement for a pathogenic plaque biofilm, yet they exhibit distinct pathophysiologies. Multiple exposures contribute to their causal pathways, and susceptibility involves risk factors that are inherited (e.g. genetic variants), and those that are acquired (e.g. socio\u2010economic factors, biofilm load or composition, smoking, carbohydrate intake). Identification of these factors is crucial in the prevention of both diseases as well as in their management.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n To systematically appraise the scientific literature to identify potential risk factors for caries and periodontal diseases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n One systematic review (genetic risk factors), one narrative review (role of diet and nutrition) and reference documentation for modifiable acquired risk factors common to both disease groups, formed the basis of the report.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results & Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n There is moderately strong evidence for a genetic contribution to periodontal diseases and caries susceptibility, with an attributable risk estimated to be up to 50%. The genetics literature for periodontal disease is more substantial than for caries and genes associated with chronic periodontitis are the vitamin D receptor (\n \n VDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ), Fc gamma receptor\n IIA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n \n Fc\u2010\u03b3\n RIIA<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n ) and Interleukin 10 (\n \n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n 10\n <\/jats:italic>\n ) genes. For caries, genes involved in enamel formation (\n \n AMELX<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n AMBN<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n ENAM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n TUFT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n 20\n <\/jats:italic>\n , and\n \n KLK<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4)\n <\/jats:italic>\n , salivary characteristics (\n \n AQP<\/jats:styled-content>\n 5\n <\/jats:italic>\n ), immune regulation and dietary preferences had the largest impact. No common genetic variants were found. Fermentable carbohydrates (sugars and starches) were the most relevant common dietary risk factor for both diseases, but associated mechanisms differed. In caries, the fermentation process leads to acid production and the generation of biofilm components such as Glucans. In periodontitis, glycaemia drives oxidative stress and advanced glycation end\u2010products may also trigger a hyper inflammatory state. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as for vitamin C, vitamin D or vitamin B12, may be related to the onset and progression of both diseases. Functional foods or probiotics could be helpful in caries prevention and periodontal disease management, although evidence is limited and biological mechanisms not fully elucidated. Hyposalivation, rheumatoid arthritis, smoking\/tobacco use, undiagnosed or sub\u2010optimally controlled diabetes and obesity are common acquired risk factors for both caries and periodontal diseases.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T23:00:35Z","timestamp":1488841235000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":413,"title":["Interaction of lifestyle, behaviour or systemic diseases with dental caries and periodontal diseases: consensus report of group 2 of the joint\n EFP<\/scp>\n \/\n ORCA<\/scp>\n workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2697-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iain L.C.","family":"Chapple","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontal Research Group The University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Bouchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Service of Odontology Rothschild Hospital AP\u2010HP, Paris 7\u2010Denis Diderot University U.F.R. of Odontology Paris France"},{"name":"EA 2496 Paris 5\u2010Descartes University U.F.R. of Odontology Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Cagetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaboration Centre for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8573-485X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Campus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaboration Centre for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences School of Dentistry Universita degli Studi di Sassari Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria\u2010Clotilde","family":"Carra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Service of Odontology Rothschild Hospital AP\u2010HP, Paris 7\u2010Denis Diderot University U.F.R. of Odontology Paris France"},{"name":"INSERM U1018 Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Cocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences School of Dentistry Universita degli Studi di Sassari Sassari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Nibali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral Clinical Research Institute of Dentistry Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University London (QMUL) London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Hujoel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marja L.","family":"Laine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry in Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Lingstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cariology Institute of Odontology Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4570-0620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Manton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Dental School University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. 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