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Our objective was to investigate the potential of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010E8 as a diagnostic or therapeutic agent in periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontitis was induced in non\u2010human primates (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content>s) by placing ligatures around posterior teeth on both halves of the mandible for a split\u2010mouth design: one side was treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010E8\u2010Fc and the other with Fc control. Disease was assessed by clinical periodontal examinations, radiographic analysis of bone loss, and analysis of cytokine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression in gingival biopsy samples. Gingival crevicular fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content>) was collected from human healthy volunteers or subjects with gingivitis, chronic moderate periodontitis, or chronic severe periodontitis. Additionally, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> was collected from a subset of severe periodontitis patients following scaling and root planing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content>) and after pocket reduction surgery. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> was analysed to quantify <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010E8 and periodontitis\u2010relevant cytokines using multiplex assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content>s, sites treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010E8\u2010Fc exhibited significantly less ligature\u2010induced periodontal inflammation and bone loss than Fc control\u2010treated sites. In humans, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010E8 were significantly higher in health than in periodontitis, whereas the reverse was true for the proinflammatory cytokines tested. Consistently, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010E8 was elevated in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> after both non\u2010surgical (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SRP<\/jats:styled-content>) and surgical periodontal treatment of periodontitis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MFG<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010E8 is, in principle, a novel therapeutic agent and biomarker of periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T21:06:22Z","timestamp":1487279182000},"page":"472-483","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 inhibits periodontitis in non\u2010human primates and its gingival crevicular fluid levels can differentiate periodontal health from disease 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