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The aim of this study was to compare platelet recruitment and activation in healthy and inflamed periodontium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gingival crevicular fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content>) samples were obtained from sites of healthy periodontium, gingivitis and periodontitis. Platelets were quantified in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> by staining and microscopy. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GCF<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations of platelet factor 4 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>4) [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>4]<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sub>GCF<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> and glycoprotein <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>b<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>a ([<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPII<\/jats:styled-content>b<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>a]<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sub>GCF<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) were determined by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>. Blood samples were obtained from the three patient groups. Platelets were isolated from whole blood and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>) from <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic> to evaluate and compare the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>4 release.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to controls, platelet recruitment was increased at gingivitis and periodontitis sites, based on platelet counts and [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPII<\/jats:styled-content>b<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>a]<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sub>GCF<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>. [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>4]<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:sub>GCF<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> was elevated in periodontal pockets but not at gingivitis or healthy sites. Circulating plasma levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>4 were higher in patients with generalized severe periodontitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>), compared to patients with gingivitis or healthy periodontium. Platelets isolated from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content> patients contained and released more <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>4 in response to <jats:italic>P.\u00a0gingivalis <\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LPS<\/jats:styled-content> than platelets from gingivitis or periodontally healthy patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Periodontitis is associated with increased platelet activation and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PF<\/jats:styled-content>4 release, both locally and systemically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]],"date-time":"2017-07-06T07:57:27Z","timestamp":1499327847000},"page":"1101-1111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Chronic periodontitis is associated with platelet factor 4 (<scp>PF<\/scp>4) secretion: A pilot 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