{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:48:03Z","timestamp":1792273683503,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,20]],"date-time":"2018-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This narrative review provides an evidence\u2010based overview on peri\u2010implantitis for the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri\u2010Implant Diseases and Conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature review was conducted addressing the following topics: 1) definition of peri\u2010implantitis; 2) conversion from peri\u2010implant mucositis to peri\u2010implantitis, 3) onset and pattern of disease progression, 4) characteristics of peri\u2010implantitis, 5) risk factors\/indicators for peri\u2010implantitis, and 6) progressive crestal bone loss in the absence of soft tissue inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Peri\u2010implantitis is a pathological condition occurring in tissues around dental implants, characterized by inflammation in the peri\u2010implant connective tissue and progressive loss of supporting bone.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The histopathologic and clinical conditions leading to the conversion from peri\u2010implant mucositis to peri\u2010implantitis are not completely understood.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>The onset of peri\u2010implantitis may occur early during follow\u2010up and the disease progresses in a non\u2010linear and accelerating pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Peri\u2010implantitis sites exhibit clinical signs of inflammation and increased probing depths compared to baseline measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>At the histologic level, compared to periodontitis sites, peri\u2010implantitis sites often have larger inflammatory lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Surgical entry at peri\u2010implantitis sites often reveals a circumferential pattern of bone loss.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>There is strong evidence that there is an increased risk of developing peri\u2010implantitis in patients who have a history of chronic periodontitis, poor plaque control skills, and no regular maintenance care after implant therapy. Data identifying \u201csmoking\u201d and \u201cdiabetes\u201d as potential risk factors\/indicators for peri\u2010implantitis are inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>There is some limited evidence linking peri\u2010implantitis to other factors such as: post\u2010restorative presence of submucosal cement, lack of peri\u2010implant keratinized mucosa and positioning of implants that make it difficult to perform oral hygiene and maintenance.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>Evidence suggests that progressive crestal bone loss around implants in the absence of clinical signs of soft tissue inflammation is a rare event.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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