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No grafting materials were used during surgery. Implants with two different surfaces (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>ctive) were placed in a split\u2010mouth design. The animals were sacrificed 4, 8 and 24\u00a0weeks after surgery for histological and histomorphometric assessments. Bone\u2010to\u2010implant contact (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BIC<\/jats:styled-content>%), alveolar bone height (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABH<\/jats:styled-content>) and the percentages of mineralized bone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MB<\/jats:styled-content>%) in the area of interest were analysed. The probing depth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>) and bleeding on probing (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOP<\/jats:styled-content>) were also assessed to describe peri\u2010implant health conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sprouts of new bone in direct contact with implant surface were seen in the elevated area at every time point. Newly formed woven bone under sinus membrane was visible. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>ctive implants exhibited favourable results compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content> implants regarding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ABH<\/jats:styled-content> at 4\u00a0weeks and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BIC<\/jats:styled-content>% at 4 and 8\u00a0weeks. Sites with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BOP<\/jats:styled-content> positive could be observed in both groups at any time point. No newly formed bone can be found on the implant apex with either <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>ctive surfaces at any time point.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spontaneous new bone formation from the parent bone walls could be observed after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TFE<\/jats:styled-content> without any grafting materials. No clear evidence of bone formation from the Schneiderian membrane could be found. Even though there were trends for quicker bone response of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>ctive implants, this study failed to show the absolute advantage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLA<\/jats:styled-content>ctive in achieving endo\u2010sinus bone formation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T18:28:29Z","timestamp":1530210509000},"page":"1118-1127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Endo\u2010sinus bone formation after transalveolar sinus floor elevation without grafting with simultaneous implant placement: Histological and histomorphometric assessment in a dog model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Shu\u2010jiao","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Implantology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010ji","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Implantology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2010yu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Implantology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying\u2010xin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Implantology Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University  Shanghai 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