{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:44:00Z","timestamp":1789577040861,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the microbiological composition of subgingival dental plaque and molecular profile of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontal furcation\u2010involved defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010seven participants with periodontitis contributed with a degree II\u2013III furcation involvement (FI), a non\u2010furcation (NF) periodontal defect and a periodontally healthy site (HS). Subgingival plaque was analysed by sequencing the V3\u2013V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and a multiplex bead immunoassay was carried out to estimate the GCF levels of 18 GCF biomarkers. Aiming to explore inherent patterns and the intrinsic structure of data, an AI\u2010clustering method was also applied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 171 subgingival plaque and 84 GCF samples were analysed. Four microbiome clusters were identified and associated with FI, NF and HS. A reduced aerobic microbiota (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.01) was detected in FI compared with NF; IL\u20106, MMP\u20103, MMP\u20108, BMP\u20102, SOST, EGF and TIMP\u20101 levels were increased in the GCF of FI compared with NF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study to profile periodontal furcation defects from a microbiological and inflammatory standpoint using conventional and AI\u2010based analyses. A reduced aerobic microbial biofilm and an increase of several inflammatory, connective tissue degradation and repair markers were detected compared with other periodontal defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T08:27:40Z","timestamp":1723019260000},"page":"1421-1432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Microbiological and molecular profile of furcation defects in a population with untreated periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4102-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Santamaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandeep","family":"Ghuman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Shoaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry Oral &amp; Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Spratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5647-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Troiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia  Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7750-5010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Nibali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry Oral &amp; 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