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Periodontitis patients were re\u2010examined 6\u2009months after non\u2010surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Levels of 64 biomarkers were measured in the GCF samples collected at each visit from progressing (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912 sites in H; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200976 in P) and stable (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009100 in H, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009225 in P) sites. Clinical parameters and log\u2010transformed analyte levels were averaged within clinical groups at each time point and analysed using linear mixed models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During monitoring, progressing sites had significantly higher levels of IL\u20101\u03b2, MMP\u20108, IL\u201012p40, EGF and VEGF. MMP\u20109 and Periostin were significantly more elevated in stable sites. Distinct cytokine profiles were observed based on baseline PD. Treatment led to significant reductions in Eotaxin, Flt\u20103L, GDF\u201015, GM\u2010CSF, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u201017, MIP\u20101d, RANTES and sCD40L, and increases in IP\u201010 and MMP\u20109.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Distinct cytokine signatures observed in stable and progressing sites were maintained over time in the absence of treatment and significantly affected by NSPT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T01:04:05Z","timestamp":1726448645000},"page":"40-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Gingival Crevicular Fluid Biomarkers During Periodontitis Progression and After Periodontal Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6945-9811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Teles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry (CiPD) University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Forsyth Institute  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Bittinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Kallan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesh","family":"Chandrasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania 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