{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:58:39Z","timestamp":1792511919902,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,3]],"date-time":"2024-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003356","name":"Gazi \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03\/2020\u201015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03\/2020\u201015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the hypoxic changes in periodontal tissues resulting from smoking and periodontitis by assessing levels of hypoxia\u2010inducible factors (HIF\u20101\u03b1, HIF\u20102\u03b1, HIF\u20103\u03b1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study comprised 22 periodontally healthy non\u2010smokers (Group H), 22 periodontally healthy smokers (Group HS), 22 non\u2010smokers with periodontitis (Group P) and 22 smokers with periodontitis (Group PS). Clinical periodontal parameters were documented, and GCF samples were collected and analysed using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significantly elevated levels of HIF\u20101\u03b1, HIF\u20103\u03b1 and VEGF were observed in Groups HS, P and PS compared to Group H (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Moreover, higher HIF\u20102\u03b1 levels were detected in the Groups HS and P compared to Group H (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Significant correlations were detected between all evaluated hypoxia biomarkers in the Group P (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) except HIF\u20102\u03b1 and HIF\u20103\u03b1. However, in the PS group, significant correlation appeared only between HIF\u20101\u03b1 and HIF\u20102\u03b1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate that smoking and periodontitis induce comparable hypoxic effects in periodontal tissues, as evidenced by the evaluated biomarkers. Further research is warranted to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying hypoxia in periodontal tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:49:18Z","timestamp":1730681358000},"page":"249-257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Hypoxic Responses in Periodontal Tissues: Influence of Smoking and Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9558-8139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bejna","family":"Bozyel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Do\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical 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