{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T20:09:28Z","timestamp":1789157368904,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the efficacy of citric acid passivation on implant abutments by evaluating their impact on bacterial load, microbiome composition, inflammatory response, and clinical and radiographic outcomes compared with control abutments over a 12\u2010month follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Implants were placed subcrestally in the posterior sextants and randomly assigned to receive a 2\u2010mm high definitive abutment, either with citric acid passivation (CA group) or without (CTR group). Final restorations were delivered after 12\u2009weeks. Samples of the peri\u2010implant crevicular fluid were collected at 3, 6 and 12\u2009months for microbiological and inflammatory analysis. Clinical and radiographic measurements were also performed at these intervals. The primary outcome was total bacterial quantification (log CFU\/mL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 17 patients in the CA group and 16 in the CTR group were analysed. At 12\u2009months, there were no significant\u00a0differences in total bacterial load between groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.689). The biofilm was predominantly composed of commensal bacterial genera in both groups throughout the study period. Although no significant differences were observed\u00a0in the microbiome alpha\u2010 and beta\u2010diversity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05), the microbiome within study time points showed an increased beta\u2010diversity in the CA group at 12\u2009months (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.019). CA abutments also showed a higher differential abundance of peri\u2010implant pathogenic bacterial genera at 12\u2009months. At the 6\u2010month mark, the CA group exhibited a trend toward lower IL\u20101\u03b2 levels compared with the CTR group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.072). No significant differences were noted in other clinical or radiographic parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Citric acid passivation of definitive abutments does not enhance the microbiological or inflammatory profiles in the short term. Further studies are needed to explore the potential benefits of citric acid passivation on implant abutments.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n<jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold> Initially registered on <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicatrials.gov\">clinicatrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT05592327\">NCT05592327<\/jats:ext-link>)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T09:09:05Z","timestamp":1741770545000},"page":"813-825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Microbiological, Inflammatory and Clinical Outcome of Citric Acid Passivated Definitive Abutments: Interim 12\u2010Month Results From a Randomised Controlled Clinical 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