{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:57:00Z","timestamp":1790179020680,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017511","name":"Metro North Hospital and Health Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017511","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003550","name":"Queensland Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the clinical, microbial and cytokine changes following the use of oral azithromycin as an adjunct to non\u2010surgical subgingival instrumentation (NSI) in stage III\/IV, grade C periodontitis through a triple\u2010blind, parallel\u2010armed, randomised controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 52 patients with stage III\/IV grade C periodontitis were randomly allocated to two groups receiving NSI with or without adjunctive azithromycin. The primary outcome was changes in the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) values over 12\u2009months, and the secondary outcomes included changes in pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), percentage of sites with PD of 1\u20133, 4\u20135, \u2265\u20095 and \u2265\u20096\u2009mm, subgingival periodontal pathogens, cytokine levels and patient\u2010reported outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At 3 and 12\u2009months, there were no statistically significant differences in the reduction in PISA or other clinical parameters between the groups. At 3 months, the levels of several periodontal pathogens were significantly reduced in the azithromycin group. No significant differences were observed in the levels of periodontal pathogens at 12\u2009months except for\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Prevotella<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        intermedia.\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      No significant differences were observed for the studied cytokines at 3 and 12\u2009months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study do not support the use of systemic azithromycin in stage III\/IV, grade C periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      The trial was registered prospectively in the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12619000560190.\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?id=374699\">https:\/\/www.anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?id=374699<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T11:21:17Z","timestamp":1742815277000},"page":"666-680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Systemic Azithromycin as an Adjunct to Non\u2010Surgical Subgingival Instrumentation in the Treatment of Stage\n                    <scp>III<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>IV<\/scp>\n                    , Grade C Periodontitis: 12\u2010Month Clinical, Microbiological and Cytokine Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9665-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinivas","family":"Sulugodu Ramachandra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Gulf Medical University  Ajman UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5527-4998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie","family":"Woodford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Centre Metro North Oral Health Services  Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7546-1635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pingping","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), School of Dentistry The University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6041-4799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan S. 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