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We designed three periodontitis phenotypes based on diagnosis and procedure codes and CPI indexes in national health registers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 11 independent genetic loci associated with periodontitis, among which 6 were common and novel. A locus near the\n                      <jats:italic>FST<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene was associated with two phenotypes, whereas other lead SNPs were located near\n                      <jats:italic>ARL15<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>MFHAS1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>DEFB130A<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Additionally, all phenotypes in the discovery and replication cohorts were associated with genetic variations in the HLA region. Furthermore, imputed HLA allele frequencies identified independent associations between\n                      <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DRB1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DPB1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DQA1<\/jats:italic>\n                      and periodontitis. Based on single\u2010cell RNA sequencing, the expression of genes near our lead SNPs across all three phenotypes was particularly enriched in gingival cell lineages important in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Phenotypical and genetic correlations revealed associations between periodontitis and bacterial diseases, as well as autoimmune and cardiometabolic phenotypes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our GWAS suggests that genetic variation contributing to immune dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, which has considerable genetic similarity with other complex traits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T10:20:48Z","timestamp":1752920448000},"page":"1263-1275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Genetic Loci Associated With Periodontitis: The\n                    <scp>FinnGen<\/scp>\n                    Study Based on National Health Registers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Aino","family":"Salminen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kati","family":"Hyv\u00e4rinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Research and Development  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarmo","family":"Ritari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Research and Development  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London  London 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