{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T21:47:34Z","timestamp":1757627254960,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,20]],"date-time":"2025-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIDs) arise from rare genetic defects affecting humoral and cellular immunity, which can lead to reduced dental plaque control. This study aimed to characterise the subgingival dental plaque microbiome in neutropenic PID children compared to healthy controls and assess their response to non\u2010surgical periodontal therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subgingival plaque was collected from three first molars and one first incisor at baseline and 6\u2009months post therapy from children with PID (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) and systematically healthy control participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) who were recruited from Great Ormond Street Hospital and Barts Health NHS Trust, respectively. The subgingival microbiome was profiled using an Illumina metabarcoding approach on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene V1\u2013V2 region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant shifts in community structure were observed post therapy, as measured by alpha and beta diversities. An increase in <jats:italic>Rothia<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Actinomyces<\/jats:italic> spp. was noted in PID children post therapy, consistent with clinical improvements. Baseline blood absolute neutrophil counts in PID children were positively associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n<jats:italic>Streptococcus cristatus<\/jats:italic>\n<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:italic>Gemella<\/jats:italic> spp., and negatively with <jats:italic>Saccharibacteria, Capnocytophaga<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Porphyromonas<\/jats:italic> spp., highlighting key host\u2013microbial relationships.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010surgical periodontal therapy modulated the subgingival microbiota in neutropenic PID children, revealing novel host\u2013microbial interactions important for the oral microbiome in health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.14201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:04:03Z","timestamp":1753056243000},"page":"1410-1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non\u2010Surgical Periodontal Therapy Modulates Oral Microbiome in Primary Immunodeficient Children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7912-7084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abish S.","family":"Stephen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Oral Immunobiology &amp; 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