{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T07:32:29Z","timestamp":1793345549523,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["468857272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["468857272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) is dose\u2010dependently associated with subgingival polymicrobial clusters before and after non\u2010surgical periodontal therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We followed 163 adults with periodontitis, measuring CO before and at 2, 14 and 26\u2009months after therapy. Subgingival plaque samples were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We applied topic models and regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, treatment group, pocket probing depth and plaque levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Smokers had generally higher mean CO levels at every visit and showed significant declines at 14 and 26\u2009months after therapy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Before therapy, CO was not associated with dysbiosis; after therapy, higher levels were positively associated. In sensitivity analyses, self\u2010reported smoking status explained more variance in dysbiosis than CO alone, with only marginal gains when both were combined. Among smokers, a distinct polymicrobial cluster dominated by\n                      <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>\n                      increased with higher exhaled CO. Every 10 parts per million increase in CO was associated with an estimated 16% increase in cluster abundance (95% confidence interval: 8%\u201326%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exhaled CO may help monitor persistent dysbiosis and select an anaerobe\u2010dominated subgingival community after periodontal therapy among smokers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.70053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T23:09:46Z","timestamp":1760656186000},"page":"170-178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Indicates Persistent Subgingival Dysbiosis After Periodontal Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4798-5329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Koehlen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry M\u00fcnster University Hospital  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Harks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry M\u00fcnster University Hospital  M\u00fcnster Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0679-5759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Matern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry M\u00fcnster University Hospital  M\u00fcnster 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ti\u2010Sun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Periodontology, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases Heidelberg University Hospital  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9605-2822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Kocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology University Medicine Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Meyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology University of Giessen  Giessen 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