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Keratinised mucosa width (KMW) was measured pre\u2010operatively (baseline), immediately after operation and at 1\u2009year. The primary outcome was buccal KMW gain, which was analysed using adjusted mixed\u2010effects models with random intercepts. Exploratory histological evaluation was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010five patients (76 implants) were included. Baseline buccal KMW was 0.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.00\u2009mm (FGG) and 0.02\u2009\u00b1\u20090.15\u2009mm (FGG\/XCM). At 1\u2009year, it increased to 4.00\u2009\u00b1\u20091.60\u2009mm (FGG) and 2.51\u2009\u00b1\u20091.22\u2009mm (FGG\/XCM). The adjusted mean difference in buccal KMW gain was 0.84\u2009mm (95% CI: \u22120.09 to 1.77\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.074); 97% and 93% of implants achieved palatal KMW \u2265\u20092\u2009mm, respectively (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.803). Vestibular depth positively predicted buccal KMW gain. Histologically, FGG sites exhibited features of orthokeratinised epithelium, whereas XCM sites resembled parakeratinised epithelium.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>KMW increased in both approaches. Although buccal KMW gain tended to be greater with the FGG approach, the non\u2010randomised design and potential residual confounding limit definitive comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ChiCTR2000041104<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.70113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T04:56:01Z","timestamp":1773636961000},"page":"694-705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Free Gingival Grafts With or Without Xenogeneic Collagen Matrix Increase Peri\u2010Implant Keratinised Mucosa in Reconstructed Maxillae: A 1\u2010Year Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Xiancheng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Center for Stomatology &amp; 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National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2126-8052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Stomatology &amp; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases &amp; National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9581-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruifang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology  Beijing China"},{"name":"National Center for Stomatology &amp; 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