{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:44:05Z","timestamp":1791830645178,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To synthesize evidence on gingival diseases and conditions in children and adolescents (&lt;\u200918\u2009years) without known systemic disorder involvement, focusing on their distribution, aetiology, diagnosis, management and oral health\u2013related quality of life (OHRQoL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines, including PubMed Central, Scopus, EMBASE and LILACS, up to January 2025. Clinical trials and observational studies addressing gingival diseases or conditions in healthy individuals under 18\u2009years were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The search identified 33,180 studies. Title and abstract screening narrowed these to 2264, of which 433 were full\u2010text\u2010reviewed. Ultimately, 269 studies, all restricted to biofilm\u2010induced gingivitis, were included. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in diagnostic criteria and study quality. Dental biofilm\u2013induced gingivitis was common (52%) and associated with poorer OHRQoL. Key determinants for gingival inflammation included socioeconomic status, oral hygiene behaviours, pubertal changes and malocclusion. Based on current evidence, effective management of gingivitis in children should combine supervised toothbrushing with a fluoridated toothpaste and school\u2010 or caregiver\u2010based oral health education. Adjunctive use of chlorhexidine may provide additional benefit in certain clinical situations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dental biofilm\u2013induced gingivitis is frequent among children and adolescents and influenced by numerous determinants. Prevention and treatment should emphasise accessible, behaviour\u2010focused and education\u2010based strategies for biofilm control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.70122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T02:16:38Z","timestamp":1774836998000},"page":"1226-1252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dental Biofilm\u2013Induced Gingivitis in Children and Adolescents Without Known Systemic Involvement: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5361-5840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Tsilingaridis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institute  Huddinge Sweden"},{"name":"Centre of Paediatric Oral Health  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6747-5110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nitesh","family":"Tewari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyriaki","family":"Seremidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Papaioannou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6170-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Oral Research \u2013 Periodontology, Department of Clinical Dentistry University of Bergen  Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.150681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdj.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2017.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041\u20101626.2010.00025.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100528.1983.tb01385.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1716","article-title":"A 4\u2010Week Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Plaque and Gingivitis Effects of an Electric Toothbrush in A Paediatric Population","volume":"16","author":"Anamika S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.32.1.q35505m1u07244p1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0034\u201089102008000200002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-024-00965-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399\u2010302x.1988.tb00086.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974\u20107788.83188"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208886"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S001675680017503X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752\u20107325.1973.tb00656.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903\u2010019\u20100833\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2277\u20109531.115820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_338_20"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"186","article-title":"Growth and Development Considerations in the Diagnosis of Gingivitis and Periodontitis in Children","volume":"21","author":"Bimstein E.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatric Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100722.1997.tb00200.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"Chlorhexidine Varnishes Prevent Gingivitis in Adolescents","volume":"67","author":"Bretz W. 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