{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T08:30:54Z","timestamp":1793349054827,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess how suture diameter, material composition and tissue characteristics influence the tension\u2010to\u2010tearing behaviour of oral soft tissues, with the objective of optimising atraumatic suturing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This in\u00a0vitro cadaver study evaluated 288 standardised porcine oral soft\u2010tissue specimens (144 gingiva, 144 lining mucosa). Twelve different suture types including four distinct diameters (4\u20130, 5\u20130, 6\u20130, 7\u20130) and three different materials (polyvinylidene fluoride [PVF], polyamide [PA] and polyglycolic acid [PGA]) were tested using a calibrated Instron microtester. Maximum rupture force (N), failure mode and tissue thickness (mm) were recorded. Statistical analysis relied on three\u2010way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc testing and Pearson's correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall mean maximum rupture force was 5.03\u2009\u00b1\u20093.00\u2009N. Rupture force increased with suture diameter (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001) and differed between materials (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; PGA\u2009\u2248\u2009PVF\u2009&gt;\u2009PA). Gingival specimens resisted higher loads than mucosal specimens\n                      <jats:italic>(p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). Fine sutures (6\u20130, 7\u20130) failed mainly by thread rupture, while thicker sutures (4\u20130, 5\u20130) caused tissue tearing, supporting the concept of a mechanical safety buffer. PA (6\u20130) generally preserved tissue integrity, whereas PVF and PGA required 7\u20130 in delicate mucosa to ensure comparable tissue protection. Tissue thickness correlated positively with rupture force (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.49,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Finer sutures (6\u20130 and 7\u20130) function as protective mechanical fuses, safeguarding delicate tissues during manipulation. PA 6\u20130 provides reliable protection, while 7\u20130 PVF and PGA are recommended for fragile mucosa manipulation. These findings provide a biomechanical framework for evidence\u2010based suture selection in periodontal plastic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.70127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T08:32:15Z","timestamp":1775723535000},"page":"849-861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Suture Diameter and Material on Oral Soft\u2010Tissue Tearing Behaviour: An In\u00a0Vitro Study Relevant to Periodontal Plastic Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8202-0459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"De Greef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice  Merchtem Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences KU Leuven &amp; Dentistry (Periodontology), University Hospitals  Leuven 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