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HMT\u2010304, and Bacteroidetes [G\u20103] bacterium HMT\u2010280 were recurrently identified across differential abundance and penalised regression analyses. Penalised regression models showed limited stage\u2010discriminative performance (multinomial AUC 0.68\u20130.78), with gingivitis achieving the highest classification accuracy (63%) and Stage IV the lowest, consistent with overlapping microbial profiles across stages. Nonetheless, some stage\u2010enriched taxa included\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      species in Stage III and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      with\n                      <jats:italic>Odoribacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacterium HMT\u2010516 in Stage IV. Stage\u2010enriched taxa correlated with anaerobic fermentation pathways, while co\u2010occurrence networks became less dense but broader across stages.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stage\u2010associated microbiome shifts were detectable using a gingivitis reference group, with a disease\u2010associated\u00a0core and accompanying anaerobic functional enrichment. The findings suggest that subgingival dysbiosis across periodontitis stages does not follow a simple linear trajectory and that clinical stage is not determined by microbiome composition\u00a0alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.70147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T01:05:08Z","timestamp":1779930308000},"page":"1332-1343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stage\u2010Associated Subgingival Dysbiosis Across the Periodontal Disease Spectrum in a Thai Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7555-1733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teerat","family":"Sawangpanyangkura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Chiang Mai University  Chiang Mai 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