{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T02:04:02Z","timestamp":1789610642559,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clinic Periodontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare retrieval\u2010augmented systems with general\u2010purpose large language models (LLMs) on standardised periodontal clinical vignettes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven AI systems were evaluated: nine general\u2010purpose LLMs, one general\u2010purpose retrieval\u2010augmented platform (Perplexity) and one medical\u2010domain retrieval\u2010augmented platform (OpenEvidence). Each responded to 30 synthetic vignettes covering acute, chronic and complex periodontal scenarios. Six blinded periodontists scored responses on a 5\u2010point Likert scale for accuracy, safety, freedom from hallucinations and completeness in a randomised block design. Friedman and Conover\u2013Iman tests with Holm correction were applied; mixed\u2010effects and ordinal models served as sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At least one parameter scored dangerous (\u2264\u20092) in 3.3%\u201346.7% of responses across platforms, despite mean composite scores (3.28\u20134.86) exceeding the rubric midpoint of 3.0. Between\u2010model differences were significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with a small\u2010to\u2010medium overall effect (Kendall's\n                      <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.17) and large within\u2010category effects (\n                      <jats:italic>W<\/jats:italic>\n                      up to 0.82). Perplexity, OpenEvidence and Claude 4.7 Opus formed a top tier.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrieval\u2010augmented systems rated highest, but this advantage was confounded with response length. The dangerous\u2010response spread argues against undifferentiated use. These tools should assist, not replace, specialist judgement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.70160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T22:26:09Z","timestamp":1783290369000},"page":"1546-1556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Large Language Models and Retrieval\u2010Augmented Platforms for the Diagnosis and Management of Periodontal Diseases: A Blinded Expert\u2010Rated Comparative Study of 11 Systems"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaniv","family":"Mayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology Rambam Health Care Campus  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertha","family":"Demetriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Rambam Health Care Campus  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3836-147X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Rasperini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0429-2883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eran","family":"Gabay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology Rambam Health Care Campus  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rok","family":"Ga\u0161per\u0161i\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0391-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darko","family":"Bo\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb  Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1080-6285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Calatrava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology University Complutense of Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity Harvard School of Dental Medicine  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8736-9753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ofir","family":"Ginesin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology Rambam Health Care Campus  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadar Zigdon","family":"Giladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology  Haifa Israel"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology Rambam Health Care Campus  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9265-0913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Faria","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Periodontology, Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13618"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12935"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2024.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13060271"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj13070279"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","volume-title":"Practical Nonparametric Statistics","author":"Conover W. 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